Veganism bibliography
Vegan tips
Meeting challenges as a transitioning vegan
Davis, B. (2016) “The vegan plate”, Brenda Davis RD, 19 May [accessed on 8 May 2017].
Gaber-Unti, C. (2016) “Vegan guide to air travel”, The Vegan Word [accessed on 6 May 2017].
Messina, G. (2010) “The Vegan for life food guide”, The Vegan RD [accessed on 22 February 2017].
Personalize your vegan diet
Chavez, V. (2016) “No eggs, no problem – 10 vegan egg replacers for all your baking and cooking needs”, One Green Planet, 3 August [accessed on 15 April 2017]
Copeland, M. (2016) “20 sweet and savory vegan recipes you can make with bean juice (aquafaba)”, BuzzFeed, May 15 [accessed on 5 April 2017].
Goji Berry (2015) “All about aquafaba: 13 amazing recipes made with chickpea brine”, One Green Planet, September 15 [accessed on 2 April 2017).
Messina, G. (2012) “Is umami a secret ingredient of vegan activism?”, The Vegan RD, April 18th [accessed on 25 May 2017].
Newgent, J. & Klemm, S. (2022) “Egg alternatives”, eatrightPRO.org, June 27 [accessed on 4 August 2022].
Parsons, R. (2014) “The missing link: How to add umami flavors to your vegan meals”, One Green Planet, July 31 [accessed on 13 April 2017].
Vegan nutrition
Introduction
Dietitians Association of Australia (2022 [2018]) “Vegetarian nutrition role statement”, Dietitians Australia, 29 Jul [accessed on 4 August 2022].
Dietitians of Canada (2019) “Vegetarian and vegan diets”, UnLockFood.ca [accessed on 4 August 2022].
Koeder, C. & Perez Cueto, F. J. A. (2022) “Vegan nutrition: A preliminary guide for health professionals”, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 12 Aug.
Mayo Clinic (2016) “Vegetarian diet: How to get the best nutrition”, Healthy lifestyle: Nutrition and healthy eating, March 14 [accessed on 21 November 2016].
Melina, V.; Craig, W. & Levin, S. (2016) “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian diets”, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116, pp. 1970-1980 [accessed on 8 September 2018].
Messina, V. (2013) Vegan for her: The women’s guide to being healthy and fit on a plant-based diet, Cambridge: Da Capo.
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2020 [2011]) Vegan for life, 2nd ed., New York: Hachette.
Tuso, P. J.; Ismail, M. H.; Ha, B. P. & Bartolotto, C. (2013) “Nutritional update for physicians: Plant-based diets”, The Permanente Journal, 17 (2), pp. 61-66 [accessed on 21 November 2016].
United Kingdom. Department of Health (2015) “The vegan diet”, NHS choices, 15/10/2015 [accessed on 21 November 2016].
Vitamins
Allen, L. H. (2009) “How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, pp. S693-S696.
Bor, M. V.; Castel-Roberts, K. M. von; Kauwell, G. P. A.; Stabler, S. P.; Allen, R. H.; Maneval, D. R.; Bailey, L. B. & Nexo, E. (2010) “Daily intake of 4 to μg dietary vitamin B-12 is associated with steady concentrations of vitamin B-12–related biomarkers in a healthy young population”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, pp. 571-577.
Dagnelie, P. C.; Staveren, W. A. van & Berg, H. van den (1991) “Vitamin B-12 from algae appears not to be bioavailable”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, pp. 695-697.
Davis, B. & Melina, V. (2014) Becoming vegan, comprehensive ed., Summertown: Book Publishing, p. 217.
Holick, M. F. (2007) “Vitamin D deficiency”, The New England Journal of Medicine, 357, pp. 266-281.
Hokin, B. D.; Butler, T. (1999) “Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) status in Seventh-day Adventist Ministers in Australia”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, suppl. 3, pp. S576-S578.
Melina, V.; Craig, W. & Levin, S. (2016) “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian diets”, op. cit.
Norris, J. (2020a) “Vitamin A”, Vegan Health, January [accessed on 12 June 2022].
Norris, J. (2021a) “Vitamin D”, Vegan Health [accessed on 7 March 2022].
Norris, J. (2022a) “Vitamin B12”, Vegan Health [accessed on 14 May 2022].
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2011) Vegan for life, Philadelphia: Da Capo.
Quesada Gómez, J.; Díaz Curiel, M.; Sosa Henríquez, M.; Malouf Sierra, J.; Nogues Solan, X.; Gómez Alonso, C.; Rodríguez Mañas, L.; Neyro Bilbao, J. L.; Cortes, X. & Delgadillo J. (2007) “Low calcium intake and insufficient serum vitamin D status in treated and non-treated posmenopausal osteoporotic women in Spain”, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 22, p. S309.
Schwalfenberg, G. (2007) “Not enough Vitamin D: Health consequences for Canadians”, Canadian Family Physician, 53, pp. 841-854.
Schwarz, J.; Dschietzig, T; Schwarz, J.; Dura, A.; Nelle, E.; Watanabe, F.; Wintgens, K. F.; Reich, M. & Armbruster, F. P. (2014) “The influence of a whole food vegan diet with Nori algae and wild mushrooms on selected blood parameters”, Clinical Laboratory, 60, pp. 2039-2050.
Urashima M.; Segawa, T.; Okazaki, M.; Kurihara, M.; Wada, Y. & Ida. H. (2010) “Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, pp. 1255-1260.
Minerals
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Dawson-Hughes, B.; Baron, J. A.; Burckhardt, P.; Li, R.; Spiegelman, D.; Specker, B.; Orav, J. E.; Wong, J. B.; Staehelin, H. B.; O’Reilly, E.; Kiel, D. P. & Willett, W. C. (2007) “Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86, pp. 1780-1790.
Cook, J. D.; Dassenko, S. A. & Lynch, S. R. (1991) “Assessment of the role of non-heme-iron availability in iron balance”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, pp. 717-722.
Davis, B. & Melina, V. (2014) Becoming vegan, comprehensive ed., Summertown: Book Publishing.
Eaton, S. B.; Neslon, D. A. (1991) “Calcium in evolutionary perspective”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, pp. S281-S287.
Feskanich, D.; Willet, W. C.; Stampfer, M. J. & Colditz, G. A. (1997) “Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: A 12-year prospective study”, American Jounal of Public Health, 87, pp. 992-997.
Gropper, S. S. & Smith, J. L. (2013) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, 6th ed., Belmont: Wadsworth.
Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc, Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press [accessed on 11 January 2017].
Mangels, R.; Messina, V.; Messina, M. (2010) The dietitians’s guide to vegetarian diets, 3rd ed., Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett.
Norris, J. (2021b) “Calcium”, Vegan Health, January [accessed on 12 June 2022].
Norris, J. (2021c) “Iodine”, Vegan Health, January [accessed on 7 March 2022].
Norris, J. (2021d) “Iron”, Vegan Health, November [accessed on 7 March 2022].
Norris, J. (2021e) “Zinc”, Vegan Health, October [accessed on 14 May 2022].
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2011) Vegan for life, Philadelphia: Da Capo.
Tong, T. Y. N.; Appleby, P. N.; Armstrong, M. E. G.; Fensom, G. K.; Knuppel, A.; Papier, K.; Perez-Cornago, A.; Travis, R. C. & Key, T. J. (2020) “Vegetarian and vegan diets and risks of total and site-specific fractures: Results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study”, BMC Medicine, 18 [accessed on 30 May 2022].
Weaver, C. M.; Plawecki, K. L. (1995) “Dietary calcium: Adequacy of a vegetarian diet”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, pp. S1238-S1241.
Proteins
Caso, G. (2000) “Albumin synthesis is diminished in men consuming a predominantly vegetarian diet”, Journal Nutrition, 130, pp. 528-533.
Davis, B. & Melina, V. (2014) Becoming vegan, comprehensive ed., Summertown: Book Publishing, pp. 81-90.
Elango, R.; Humayun, M. A.; Ball, R. O. & Pencharz, P. B. (2010) “Evidence that protein requirements have been significantly underestimated”, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 13, pp. 52-57.
Haddad, E. H.; Berk, L. S.; Kettering, J. D.; Hubbard, R. W. & Peters, W. R. (1999) “Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with non-vegetarians”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, pp. 586S-593S.
Norris, J. (2020b) “Protein and amino acids”, Vegan Health [accessed on 18 July 2021].
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2011) Vegan for life, Philadelphia: Da Capo.
Yáñez, E.; Uauy, R.; Zacarías, I. & Barrera, G. (1986) “Long-term validation of 1 g of protein per kilogram body weight from a predominantly vegetable mixed diet to meet the requirements of young adult males”, Journal Nutrition, 116, pp. 865-872.
Young, V. R.; Pellett, P. L. (1994) “Plan proteins in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, pp. S1203-S1212.
Lipids
Brouwer, I. A.; Katan, M. B. & Zock. P. L. (2004) “Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis”, Journal of Nutrition, 134, pp. 919-922.
Davis, B. & Melina, V. (2014) Becoming vegan, comprehensive ed., Summertown: Book Publishing.
Fokkema, M. R.; Brouwer, D. A.; Hasperhoven, M. B.; Martini, I. A. & Muskiet, F. A. (2000) “Short-term supplementation of low-dose gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or GLA plus ALA does not augment LCP omega 3 status of Dutch vegans to an appreciable extent”, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 63, pp. 287-292.
Geppert, J. (2006) “Microalgal docosahexaenoic acid decreases plasma triacylglycerol in normolipidaemic vegetarians: A randomised trial”, British Journal of Nutrition, 95, p. 779-786.
Hooper, L. (2006) “Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review”, British Medical Journal, 332 [accessed on 14 April 2018].
Kornsteiner, M.; Singer, I. & Elmadfa, I. (2008) “Very low n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in Austrian vegetarians and vegans”, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 52, pp. 37-47.
Kris-Etherton, P. M.; Hill, A. M. (2008) “N-3 fatty acids: Food or supplements?”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108, pp. 1125-1130.
Mangat I. (2009) “Do vegetarians have to eat fish for optimal cardiovascular protection?”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, pp. 1597S-1601S.
Mangels, A. R. & Messina, V. (2001) “Considerations in planning vegan diets: Infants”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101, pp. 670-677.
Muskiet, F. A.; Rebecca Fokkema, M.; Schaafsma, A.; Boersma, E. R. & Crawford, M. A. (2004) “Is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) essential? Lessons from DHA status regulation, our ancient diet, epidemiology and randomized controlled trials”, Journal of Nutrition, 134, pp. 183-186 [accessed on 17 September 2016].
Norris, J. (2022b) “Omega-3s”, Vegan Health [accessed on 12 June 2022].
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2011) Vegan for life, Philadelphia: Da Capo, pp. 51-60.
Sanders, T. A. & Roshanai, F. (1992) “Platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition and function in vegans compared with age- and sex-matched omnivore controls”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46, pp. 823-831.
Sanders, T. A. & Younger, K. M. (1981) “The effect of dietary supplements of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides”, British Journal of Nutrition, 45, pp. 613-616.
Wang, C.; Harris, W. S.; Chung, M.; Lichtenstein, A. H.; Balk, E. M.; Kupelnick, B.; Jordan, H. S. & Lau, J. (2006) “n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not α-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: A systematic review”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, pp. 5-17 [accessed on 22 January 2021].
Williams C. M. & Burdge G. (2006) “Long-chain n-3 PUFA: Plant v. marine sources”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 65, pp. 42-50 [accessed on 10 January 2018].
Nutrition: Special cases
Adams, C. J.; Breitman, P. & Messina, V. (2014) Never too late to go vegan: The over-50 guide to adopting and thriving on a plant-based diet, New York: The Experiment.
American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine; Rodriguez, N. R.; Di Marco, N. M. & Langley, S. (2009) “American college of sports medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41, pp. 709-731.
Attini, R.; Leone, F.; Parisi, S.; Fassio, F.; Capizzi, I.; Loi, V.; Colla, L.; Rossetti, M.; Gerbino, M.; Maxia, S.; Alemanno, M. G.; Minelli, F.; Piccoli, E.; Versino, E.; Biolcati, M.; Avagnina, P.; Pani, A.; Cabiddu, G.; Todros, T. & Piccoli, G. B. (2016) “Vegan-vegetarian low-protein supplemented diets in pregnant CKD patients: Fifteen years of experience”, BMC Nephrology, 17 [accessed on 28 April 2017].
Brasky, T. M.; Till, C.; White, E.; Neuhouser, M. L.; Song, X.; Goodman, P.; Thompson, I. M.; King, I. B.; Albanes, D. & Kristal, A. R. (2011) “Serum phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial”, American Journal of Epidemiology, 173, pp. 1429-1439.
Dagnelie, P. C.; Staveren, W. A. van; Vergote, F. J.; Burema, J.; Hof, M. A. van’t; Klaveren, J. D. van & Hautvast, J. G. (1989) “Nutritional status of infants aged 4 to 18 months on macrobiotic diets and matched omnivorous control infants: A population-based mixed-longitudinal study. II. Growth and psychomotor development”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, pp. 325-338.
Davis, B. & Melina, V. (2014) Becoming vegan, comprehensive ed., Summertown: Book Publishing.
Koeder, C. (2020) Vegan baby: A guide to complementary feeding: For vegans between the ages of 4 and 12 months, [s. l.]: Christian Koeder [accessed on 8 February 2021].
Lakin, V.; Haggarty, P.; Abramovich, D. R.; Ashton, J.; Moffat, C. F., McNeill, G.; Danielian, P. J. & Grubb, D. (1998) “Dietary intake and tissue concentration of fatty acids in omnivore, vegetarian and diabetic pregnancy”, Prostaglandis Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 59, p. 209-220.
Mangels, A. R. & Messina, V. (2001) “Considerations in planning vegan diets: Infants”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101, pp. 670-677.
Mangels, R. (2011) The everything vegan pregnancy book, Avon: Adams Media.
Melina, V.; Craig, W. & Levin, S. (2016) “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian diets”, op. cit.
Mendez, M. A.; Anthony, M. S. & Arab, L. (2002) “Soy-based formulae and infant growth and development: A review”, Journal of Nutrition, 132, pp. 2127-2130.
Messina, V. & Fields, J. L. (2013) Vegan for her: The women’s guide to being healthy and fit on a plant-based diet, Boston: Da Capo.
Norris, J. (2021f) “Life cycle”, Vegan Health [accessed on 13 April 2022].
Norris, J. & Messina, V. (2011) Vegan for life, Philadelphia: Da Capo.
Sanders, T. A. & Reddy, S. (1992) “The influence of a vegetarian diet on the fatty acid composition of human milk and the essential fatty acid status of the infant”, Journal of Pediatrics, 120, pp. S71-S77.
Pavlina, E. (2003) Raising vegan children in a non-vegan world: A complete guide for parents, Tarzana: VegFamily.
Reid, I. R.; Gallagher, D. J. & Bosworth, J. (1986) “Prophylaxis against vitamin D deficiency in the elderly by regular sunlight exposure”, Age and Ageing, 15, pp. 35-40.
Toss, G.; Andersson, R.; Diffey, B. L.; Fall, P. A.; Larkö, O. & Larsson, L. (1982) “Oral vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly”, Acta Medica Scandinavica, 212, pp. 157-162.
Wagner, C. L.; Greer, F. R. & Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition (2008) “Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents”, Pediatrics, 122, pp. 1142-1152.
Vegan food for animals
Bischoff, K. & Rumbeiha, W. K. (2012) “Pet food recalls and pet food contaminants in small animals”, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42, pp. 237-250.
Brown, W. Y. (2009) “Nutritional and ethical issues regarding vegetarianism in the domestic dog”, Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, 17, pp. 137-143 [accessed on 28 April 2017].
Cortinovis, C. & Caloni, F. (2016) “Household food items toxic to dogs and cats”, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 3 [accessed on 6 August 2017].
De Silva, S. S.; Turchini, G. M. (2008) “Towards understanding the impacts of the pet food industry on world fish and seafood supplies”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 21, pp. 462-463.
Gillen, J. (2008) Obligate carnivore: Cats, dogs and what it really means to be vegan, 3nd rev. exp. ed., Charleston: BookSurge.
Gray, C. M.; Sellon, R. K. & Freeman, L. M. (2004) “Nutritional adequacy of two vegan diets for cats”, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 225, pp. 1670-1675.
Hill, R. C.; Choate, C. J.; Scott, K. C.; Molenberghs, G. (2009) “Comparison of the guaranteed analysis with the measured nutrient composition of commercial pet foods”, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 234, pp. 347-351.
Kanakubo, K.; Fascetti, A. J. & Larsen, J. A. (2015) “Assessment of protein and amino acid concentrations and labeling adequacy of commercial vegetarian diets formulated for dogs and cats”, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247, pp. 385-392.
Kanakubo, K.; Fascetti, A. J. & Larsen, J. A. (2017) “Determination of mammalian deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in commercial vegetarian and vegan diets for dogs and cats”, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 101, pp. 70-74.
Kienzle, E. & Engelhard, R. A. (2001) “Field study on the nutrition of vegetarian dogs and cats in Europe”, Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 23, p. 81.
Kovalkovičová, N.; Šutiaková, I.; Pistl, J. & Šutiak, V. (2009) “Some food toxic for pets”, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2, pp. 169-176 [accessed on 6 August 2017].
Knight, A. (2005a) “In defense of vegetarian cat food”, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 226, pp. 512-513.
Knight, A. (2005b) “The author responds”, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 226, pp. 1047-1048.
Knight, A. & Leitsberger, M. (2016) “Vegetarian versus meat-based diets for companion animals”, Animals, 6, 57 [accessed on 30 April 2017].
Larsen, J. A. & Villaverde, C. (2016) “Scope of the problem and perception by owners and veterinarians”, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 46, pp. 761-772.
May, A. (ca. 2010) “Vegetarian diets can be healthy for dogs”, Vegan Health [accessed on 22 January 2017].
Petrey, S. (1998) “Absolutely no-kill: Maintaining a vegan sanctuary”, Animals’ Agenda , 18 (6), pp. 30-31.
Semp, P.-G. (2014) Vegan nutrition of dogs and cats, Diploma thesis, Wien: Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien [accessed on 14 January 2017].
Wakefield, L. A.; Shofer, F. S.; Michel, K. E. (2006) “Evaluation of cats fed vegetarian diets and attitudes of their caregivers”, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 229, pp. 70-73.