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Ethics and animals

Speciesism

Arguments against speciesism

Defenses of speciesism

The argument from species overlap

The argument from relevance

The argument from impartiality

Begging the question

Moral intuitions and biases

Speciesism FAQ

Ethical theories and nonhuman animals

Different ethical theories

Egalitarianism

Utilitarianism

Negative consequentialism

Rights theories: The general approach

Rights theories: Different positions

Contractarianism

Virtue and care ethics

Animal interests

Interest in not suffering

Interest in living

The weight of animals’ interests

Sentience

Introduction to sentience

What is sentience

The problem of consciousness

Consciousness and self-consciousness

Consciousness and cognition

Animal sentience

The idea that only humans are sentient

Criteria for recognizing sentience

What beings are conscious

What beings are not conscious

Indicators of animal suffering

The relevance of sentience

Why we should consider sentient beings, rather than all living beings

Why we should consider individuals, rather than ecosystems

Why we should consider individuals, rather than species

The argument from relevance

Animal exploitation

Animals used for food

Fishing

Fish farming

Chickens and hens

Pig farms

Cows

Sheeps and goats

Exploitation of bees by humans

Diseases in land farms

Diseases in fish farms

Branding

The journey to the slaughterhouse

The slaughter of animals

Animal used for clothing

Leather

Cows

Sheeps and goats

Pig factories

Fur farms

Animals captured for their fur

Wool

Feathers

Silk

Animal used for entertainment

Sport fishing

Hunting

Animals in circuses and other shows

Bullfighting and other entertainment using bulls

Animal experimentation

Environmental research

Cosmetic and household products testing

Military experimentation

Biomedical experimentation

Experimentation with new materials

Animals used in primary and secondary education

Animals used in higher education

Research methods that do not involve the use of nonhuman animals

Companies that test on animals

Companies that do not test on animals

Animals kept as companions or for leisure

Dogs, cats and other animals kept as pets or companions

Fishes and birds kept for leisure

Animals as workers and tools

Animals used as workers

Military use of animals

Animal experimentation

Veganism

Veganism FAQ

Why be vegan?

Responses to questions and objections to veganism

Information about going vegan

Veganism and antispeciesism

Speciesism

Vegan tips

Meeting challenges as a transitioning vegan

Personalize your vegan diet

Supportive vegan communities

Vegan nutrition

Vitamins

Minerals

Proteins

Lipids

Special cases

Vegan food for animals

Wild animal suffering

The situation of animals in the wild

Malnutrition and thirst in wild animals

Diseases in nature

Physical injuries in wild animals

Weather conditions and nonhuman animals

Animals in natural disasters

Antagonism in nature: Interspecific conflict

Antagonism in nature: Intraspecific fights

Antagonism in nature: Sexual conflict

Psychological stress in wild animals

Why wild animal suffering matters

Population dynamics and animal suffering

Evolutionary reasons why suffering prevails in nature

Can animals in the wild be harmed in the same ways as domesticated animals and humans?

Helping animals in the wild

Rescuing trapped animals

Vaccinating and healing injured and sick animals

Helping animals in fires and natural disasters

Providing for the basic needs of animals

Caring for orphaned animals

Working for a future with fewer harms suffered by animals in the wild

Defending animals

What you can do

Helping animals in the wild

Veganism

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